Business

Various ways for teens to make some extra money in 2017

Published

4 years ago

January 6, 2017

Editor

If you need ways to earn extra money and you’re a teen, you’ll find something here. These money making tips for teenagers range from creative to practical, from blogging to teaching sports (my 14 year old niece is an ice skating coach).

I started making money when I was 12, babysitting. If I were to give my pre-teen self tips for earning extra money, I’d encourage myself to go into business for myself. I’d tell myself to start a blog! If you like to write, read How to Stay Motivated when You’re Starting a Blog.

Finding ways to work for yourself is the best way to make money, whether you’re a teenager or older adult like me. Entrepreneurs are adventurous and creative, and enjoy the challenge of finding different ways to make money! Most of the money making tips for teenagers on this list are entrepreneurial in spirit, but many involve earning money the old fashioned way.

Making money when you’re a teenager and feel like you can’t get a “real” job may require a bit of creative thinking…

money-making-tips-for-kids-and-teens5-528x396

36 ways to make extra money

1. Offer to digitise people’s paper photographs. My 60 year old friends don’t have time to scan and save their photos, but they have the money to pay you to do it! (I think this is the best way for teenagers to make money, which is why it’s number one).

2, Find ways to turn your hobby into a money making business (making cupcakes, making rubber stamps, creating tiles, taming lizards, and making natural organic soap are examples of hobbies that can make teens money)

3. Experiment with lemonade or homemade cookie stands (when I was a teen, I made R500 in three hours selling raspberry iced tea on a busy neighbourhood street)

4. Sell jewellery! Princess Jones says, “My mom would actually bring a shoe-box full of my jewellery to her office and sell to her coworkers for me.”

5. Work at a carnival or travelling fair. I did this when I was 13 years old when I travelled with the Bill Dillard Exhibition for a whole summer! I didn’t make a lot of money, but had a fantastic time

Do the hard yards!

6. Mow lawns and do yard-work

7. Do extra chores around your house

8. Walk dogs

9. Get a paper route

10. Get paid to do surveys at home (this is an investment – sometimes teens have to spend money to make money)

11. Clean people’s cars or garages

12. Ask your parents for a raise in allowance in exchange for extra chores

13. Work at a fast food joint. “I worked at Hardees,” says Princess Jones. “It made me go to college; I worked with a son and mother who both worked the same grill.

14. Did I say walk dogs? Or wash cars

15. Weed gardens or rake leaves

Be proactive!

16. Teach skating, gymnastics, or other team sports

17. Collect bottles or cans door to door (I earned money as a teen this way, and also found lots of bottles and cans all over the neighborhood. Some call it “collecting ditch bottles”)

18. Look for lost golf balls on the golf course, and sell them to golfers

19. Ask your parents if they can hire you to help them with their jobs

blogging-money

20. Learn how to make money blogging

21. Start websites or blogs for your grandparents

Help your community!

22. Take care of your neighbor’s pets or homes

23. Deliver community flyers

24. Get a job with Dickee Dee (a mobile ice cream selling bicycle service)

25. Host a garage sale (but don’t sell your family’s stuff without permission! That’s not the best way to make money when you’re 14)

26. Bus tables or wash dishes at a restaurant. Washing dishes was how fiction writer Shawn Proctor started out! Now he’s working on a bestselling novel!

Ask!

27. Ask your parents’ friends if they’ll hire you

28. Ask your older brothers or sisters if they’ll pay you to do work for them. Perhaps you can assist them somehow.

29. Work at a summer camp or a day camp in the city

30. Work at the concession stand at a ball park (this was my second job as a teenager; my first was babysitting. The concession stand was a much more fun way to earn money, but I made more money babysitting)

31. Sell stuff at craft fairs and flea markets

work-ethic

32. Be a mother’s helper (it’s different than being a babysitter – it’s more like being a nanny, but the parents are around most of the time)

33. Teach seniors and elderly people how to use computers

34. Running errands for housebound, ill, or disabled people

35. Post flyers around your neighborhood, advertising your services as a teen willing to do odd jobs around the home and garden

36. Tutor your peers…and if you’re a teen with money management skills, you can teach other teens how to reach their financial goals.

Making money is easy if you are prepared to put in the effort and then do it properly !

It’s all about work ethic, if you have a strong work ethic (and if you learn to sell) you will never be unemployed throughout your whole life

Biz News

Unemployment – South Africa’s Ticking Time-bomb

Published

3 years ago

May 18, 2018

Editor

Unemployment figures remain constant at 26.7 percent, but are we losing sight of the time bomb?

Employment has been declining steadily in South Africa over the past two decades. The unemployment rate was 22 percent in 1994, 25 percent in 2014, and 26.7 percent currently. According to Statistics SA, employment growth in most sectors is well below real GDP growth. Growth in South Africa’s economy has been mostly jobless.

Statistics SA released the country’s latest unemployment figures on May 15 2018, indicating that the unemployment rate has remained unchanged in the first sector of 2018, at 26.7 percent. Unemployment among young people between the ages of 24 and 35 is 35.4 percent, and there are nearly 3-million young people in South Africa not currently in training, education or active job-seeking.

The government has invested in programmes such as the Youth Employment Services [YES] initiative, but even that initiative has strict limitations, an urban focus, and excludes the agricultural sector. Upon further analysis, it becomes clear that 100,000 fewer jobs were recorded, but that that number was too low to effect an impact on the overall unemployment rate. Seven of the nine provinces reported a decline in employment rates, and agriculture lost 3,000 jobs.

The reasons for unemployment growth are complex, but the intense regulatory pressure, rising input costs, and the overall difficult environment South African businesses have to do business in, all play a role. Administrative costs are high, and employers bear a heavy burden in having to provide services to employees that government cannot.

That is not to make light of the burden employees themselves bear, taking into consideration aspects such as the spatial planning legacy our country has. Simply getting to work is no mean feat for a large percentage of employees in South Africa.

Lastly, the effect of the changing world of work cannot and should not be discounted. South Africa’s labour market is not future-proof. According to Statistics SA, nearly 75 percent of employees in South Africa are low-skilled or semi-skilled.

Youth employment should be prioritised, and not become another over-regulated initiative with very little incentive for business owners. The easier it is to do business, the more business will be done.

Automation is a very real threat to job creation, especially in an environment where the cost of labour is rising. According to Martin Ford, futurist and author of “Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future”, explains the jobs that are most at risk are those which “are on some level routine, repetitive and predictable”. In plain language, that would mean lower-skilled jobs with defined decision-making.

This would mean that where jobs are created, these need to be future-proofed. Creating large numbers of jobs where no or low skills are required, is simply displacing the problem, not solving it. In South Africa, the need is for jobs where low or no skills are needed, as that is the bracket in which most employees fall. There is, in fact, an oversupply of labour. In solving South Africa’s problem, consideration should be given to a plan that will protect these employees.

What would a solution look like? Firstly, entrepreneurship should be encouraged, and more should be done to lessen the administrative burden on small and medium enterprises [SMEs]. SMEs should be heavily incentivised for creating jobs. Incidentally, more than 80 percent of commercial farmers in South Africa meet the definition of exempt micro enterprises (EMEs) in terms of the AgriBEE sector codes — and the argument for a lessened administrative burden applies to them too.

Secondly, youth employment should be prioritised, and not become another over-regulated initiative with little incentive for business owners. The easier it is to do business, the more business will be done.

Lastly, employers should ensure that social responsibility receives equal attention to profitability in all business models. Corporate social responsibility enhances a business’ standing and image for both prospective customers and prospective employees. The days of cutthroat business, in which the bottom line was the only factor considered, are well and truly behind us.

Let us not lose sight of the time-bomb that is unemployment in South Africa because of two or three relatively stable quarters. The time to plan and find solutions to this problem is now, as we cannot afford to lose any more ground.

BEE – What you need to know

Published

3 years ago

May 13, 2018

Editor

How Do I Become B-BBEE Compliant?

BEE (B-BBEE) is an important part of doing business in South Africa so its best that you understand every aspect about it. Use this comprehensive guide to ensure your business is compliant and performing at its best.

Content in this guide

What Is Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)
Why Is BEE Referred To As B-BBEE?
Who Must Comply With BEE?
Legislation
How To Qualify For BEE
Understanding What Each Pillar Means
What Are Codes Of Good Practice For Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment?
Levels (Of Compliance)
What Is SANAS?
Rating Process
What To Look For In A B-BBEE Partner

What is Black Economic Empowerment (BEE)

Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is a government initiative aimed at increasing equity and uplifting black business owners, stakeholders and employees. The government refers to BEE as ‘positive discrimination’.

BEE is the process by which previously disadvantaged South Africans have been empowered through the transfer of ownership. Compliance with BEE principles are regulated by Codes, which provide details on how BEE should be implemented.

Why is BEE referred to as BBBEE?

When Black Employment Equity (BEE) was first implemented in the nineties, there was no coherent strategy towards its implementation. When the South African Government gazetted updated Codes of Good Practice at the beginning of 2007, it made the implementation of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) a legal reality.

Even though most think of Black Employment Equity as BEE, as the process was refined, its name changed to Broad-Based Black Employment Equity (B-BBEE) in order to encompass not just Blacks, but Coloured, Indians and the Chinese populations of South Africa.

Who Must Comply with BEE?

Size is relevant in determining the levels of B-BBEE compliance. All organs of state, public entities and any private enterprise that undertakes business with a public entity must implement the Codes.

Any business providing goods or services to another business that is subject to BEE (B-BBEE) compliance may also need to provide evidence of its own BEE (B-BBEE) compliance.

The size of your business is significant in determining the required levels of BEE (B-BBEE) compliance. The Codes provide for three levels of compliance based on the size of your business:

Exempted Micro Enterprises (EMEs), which are businesses with an annual turnover of less than R10 million. This is a new amendment, EMEs were previously businesses with an annual turnover of less than R300 000 and less than five staff members.
Qualifying Small Enterprises (QSEs), which are businesses with an annual turnover of between R10 to R50 million.
Medium to large enterprises (M&Ls), which are businesses with an annual turnover of more than R50 million.

Advantages of BEE compliance

Allows participation in the formal South African economy
Companies will favour you as a client, particularly those aiming to acquire at least 50% of annual procurement from companies with BEE (B-BBEE) certificates.
Able to bid for Government tenders, apply for licences, get permits and are favourably considered for procurements by the Public Sector and all BEE (B-BBEE) verified enterprises.
Have access to tax incentives and financial grants, specifically aimed at the BEE (B-BBEE) programme.
Avoid long questionnaires relating to BEE (B-BBEE) when tendering for a contract.

Legislation Governing B-BBEE

There are three important pieces of legislation that control B-BBEE, namely:

Employment Equity Act (1998)

The Employment Equity Act applies to black people, all women and disabled people, in addition, stipulates the requirements for affirmative action to ensure that qualified people from these groups are equitably represented in all occupational categories and levels of a company.

The Act is binding on any business that employs 50 or more staff, or that has an annual turnover of more than R2 million to R25 million (depending on the industry in which you operate).

Skills Development Act (1998) and Skills Development Levy Act (1999)

These provide a framework for improving the skills and employment prospects of black people.

These Acts also make it compulsory for certain employers to contribute a percentage of their payroll (known as the Skills Development Levy) to a fund that can be used to train staff. The current generic B-BBEE scorecard awards points for skills development, but only for that which is over and above the payment of this levy.

Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act (2000)

This allows any State entity to give preference to black people when awarding contracts. It also aims to boost SME development, create new jobs and promote local enterprises in specific provinces. Currently, the regulations of this Act are based largely on ownership, but this is likely to be revised in order to align it with the B-BBEE Act and Codes.

How to Qualify For BEE (B-BBEE)

There are four steps you’ll need to take to ensure you qualify for BEE (B-BBEE), including:

Step 1 – Select Your Company’s Annual Turnover

The size of your business is significant in determining the required levels of BEE (B-BBEE) compliance. The Codes provide for three levels of compliance based on the size of your business:

Exempted Micro Enterprises (EMEs), which are businesses with an annual turnover of less than R10 million. This is a new amendment, EMEs were previously businesses with an annual turnover of less than R300 000 and less than five staff members.

Qualifying Small Enterprises (QSEs), which are businesses with an annual turnover between R10 to R50 million.

Medium to large enterprises (M&Ls), are businesses with an annual turnover of more than R50 million.

Step 2 – Match the Turnover to the Scorecard

EMEs are exempt. However, these businesses will automatically receive a level associated with its percentage of black ownership, such as:

Black ownership	BEE (B-BBEE) Status Level	Procurement Recognition
100% Black Owned EME	Level 1	135%
>50% Black Owned EME	Level 2	125%
<50% Black Owned EME	Level 4	100%

The annual turnover must be verified by an accredited accountant, auditor or rating agency.

QSE’s used to be able to choose four out of the seven BEE Scorecard elements to score their points. However, from 2014, QSEs must comply with all 5 elements of the revised BEE (B-BBEE) Scorecard to score their points.

M&L must comply with all 5 elements of the revised BEE (B-BBEE) Scorecard to score their points.

Step 3 – Determine the Number of Pillars Required For Your Scorecard

The five pillars of B-BBEE are:

Ownership (Direct empowerment)
Management Control (Indirect empowerment)
Skills Development
Enterprise Development
Socio-Economic Development.

Step 4 – Select the Pillars For Your Scorecard

Each of the pillars is worth a certain ‘weight’ in its contribution to B-BBEE compliance. The pillars contribute to overall compliance as follows:

Ownership 25%
Management 19%
Skills Development 20%
Enterprise Development 40%
Socio-Economic Development 5%.

Ownership, skills development and enterprise development are now considered priority pillars and a minimum of 40% compliance is mandatory, in order to achieve level 1 B-BBEE.

Understanding What Each Pillar Means

It is important to understand the requirements of each pillar.

Ownership (counts 25 points)

When determining the level of black ownership, a business will score points based on the
following:

The extent to which black people can influence the strategic direction of the business through their shareholding
The current net value of their shares
The amount of profit (percentage of each Rand) that accrues to all of these black shareholders.
Whether these shares are paid for in full, or will be within 10 years or less.
Bonus points are awarded if any of the black shareholders are new entrants (who have not previously benefited from a B-BBEE deal)

Management (counts 19 points)

This refers to the proportion of black people who control the direction of the business as well as those in top management who control day-to-day operations.

Skills Development (counts 20 points)

Skills development measures a business’s investment in the training and development of black employees. Only specific types of learning programmes and learnerships qualify when claiming points on the skills development scorecard.

Enterprise Development (counts 40 points)

If the business offers support programmes, then you can claim points on the scorecard. For example, if you donate a vehicle to one of your black company drivers so that he or she can start a delivery company, you qualify.

Socio-Economic Development (counts 5 points)

Companies that spend at least 1% of net profits after tax (NPAT) on Social-Economic Development (SED) are eligible for 5 points under this pillar.

Social-Economic Development (SED), however, is not Corporate Social Investment (CSI). SED’s criteria demands that those being assisted gain long-term access to the economy and receive a lasting benefit. According to the definition in the legislature, any initiative should “facilitate income-generating activities”.

What Are Codes of Good Practice For Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE)?

The Codes of Good Practice refers to options that businesses can use in order to evaluate and track their B-BBEE efforts. Within the new B-BBEE regulations companies must meet specific targets. The codes are there to guide businesses into receiving an accurate rating, which it can include on the company profile.

The Codes of Good Practice are legally binding on all state and state-owned entities. These businesses have 10 years to reach this target, which means government will have to use the Codes to measure its B-BBEE compliance when choosing suppliers, granting licences or making concessions. The cascade effect of this focus on B-BBEE compliant companies is that non-compliant businesses will find it hard to grow or maintain their level of business success within South Africa.

On the other hand, private companies will also need to apply the codes if they want to do business with any government enterprise – in order to tender for business, apply for licences and concessions, enter into public-private partnerships or buy state-owned assets.

The Act is broken up into nine Subsections.

Code 000: Framework for Measuring Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment
Code 100: Measurement of the Ownership Element
Code 200: Measurement of the Management Control Element
Code 300: Measurement of the Employment Element
Code 400: Measurement of the Skills Development Element
Code 500: Measurement of the Preferential Procurement Element
Code 600: Measurement of the Enterprise Development Element
Code 700: Measurement of the Socio-Economic Development Element
Code 800: Measurement of Qualifying Small Enterprises.

Sector Codes Are an Extension of Codes of Good Practice

Companies must also be aware of Sector Codes, which are an extension of the Codes, but apply within a specified industry sector only. For example, there is a Construction Sector Code (a new draft to appear in 2017), a Property Sector Code, Financial Sector Code and Tourism Sector Code. Sector codes are industry-specific interventions and measures driven by major stakeholders in industries where the codes are developed.

Levels (Of Compliance)

B-BBEE Contribution Level	“Old” Scorecard Points	Amended Scorecard Points	B-BBEE Procurement Recognition Level
1	≥100 points	≥100 points	135%
2	≥ 85 but < 100	≥ 95 but < 100	125%
3	≥ 75 but < 85	≥ 90 but < 95	110%
4	≥ 65 but < 75	≥ 80 but < 90	100%
5	≥ 55 but < 65	≥ 75 but < 80	80%
6	≥ 45 but < 55	≥ 70 but < 75	60%
7	≥ 40 but <45	≥ 55 but <70	50%
8	≥ 30 but < 40	≥ 40 but < 55	10%
Non-Compliant	< 30	< 40	0%

Customers (public and private) will prefer to interact and procure from companies with higher B-BBEE status (for its own recognition), level 1 being the ultimate goal. These are the current B-BBEE status levels:

What Is SANAS?

The South African National Accreditation System (SANAS) is recognised by the South African Government as the single National Accreditation Body that gives formal B-BBEE recognition. A B-BBEE Certificate can be issued by any Verification Agency so long as they are approved to do so by SANAS. The Certificate can only be issued once a full verification has been performed and the documentation presented by your company has been verified. SANAS certificates are a formal recognition that an organisation is competent to perform specific tasks.

Ratings Agencies must perform the assessments strictly according to the guidelines set out by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). On successful completion it will issue a certificate with the Level (1-9) of BEE (B-BBEE) compliance appropriate to your enterprise.

A certificate will be issued, which is relevant to all companies requesting it.
B-BBEE must be validated by a SANAS accredited verification agency.
Self-accreditation is no longer recognised or accepted.

B-BBEE Rating Process

The rating process only applies to QSEs and M&L’s:

Step 1: Application, Approval and Payment

Measured Entity (ME) requests an Application Form
Client Manager sends Application Form to ME
ME completes and returns Application Form to Client Manager
Client Manager sends Application Form to Verifications Manager
Verifications Manager reviews and approves application against prescribed criteria.
Client Manager sends Quotation and/or Invoice to ME.
ME approves the quote and pays a commitment fee (65% of quoted/Invoiced amount).

Step 2: Pre-site Visit and Legal Processes

Client Manager prepares and sends SLA and other contracts for signature by ME
Lead Analyst visits ME for a briefing, to explain the verification process and to agree on Verification Plan, Team and deadlines.
ME prepares all required documents and sends them to Client Manager.
Client Manager signs-off Document Register acknowledging receipt and hands documents over to Lead Analyst.

Step 3: Analysis, Site visit, Reporting and Certification

Lead Analyst performs a basic analysis and measures entity against scorecard.
Lead Analyst visits ME on site for Verification as agreed on Verification Plan.
Lead Analyst prepares Verification Report and Recommendation for Verifications Manager.
Verifications Manager performs Vertical Assessment and Quality Assurance on report and then approves recommendation report.
Client Manager sends Verification Report and Rating to ME for approval.
ME approves Verification Report and Rating.
Verifications Manager issues a Rating Certificate and Final Report.
Client Manager sends Rating Certificate and Final Report to ME.

Who Should Manage B-BBEE Processes In a Business?

The best way to structure the management process is as follows:

Chief Executive Officer – Ownership and Management Control
Chief Financial Officer – Preferential Procurement and Enterprise Development
Employment Equity Committee – Socio-economic Development, Skills Development and Employment Equity.

The Employment Equity Committee needs training, as they are likely to have limited experience in making strategic recommendations to the CEO on these issues. The CEO should sit in the Employment Equity Committee along with someone with HR experience.

Did You Know?

Unlike State-owned entities, private companies are free to develop their own procurement policies, which may include different criteria and different weightings to that of the generic B-BBEE scorecard.

What to Look For In a B-BBEE Partner

When looking for a new partner, specifically for B-BBEE, companies arguably rush through the process. This could leave your business open to having two unaligned partners at the top, trying to force the business into opposite directions, thinking that they each know what’s right for the company.

Every successful business partnership needs three things:

Someone who can add value to your business
Operate in a growing industry
Bringing additional finances or resources to the table.

A good partnership won’t happen overnight; it could take you up to 18 months to work out the details with your new B-BBEE partner. So, using it as an eleventh-hour attempt to save your business or when there’s a big tender on the line, might not work out for you.

To be successful, it’s better to go into this process with the right motives. A great B-BBEE partnership is mutually beneficial and based on growth potential for all involved.

Align Vision and Values

Partner with someone who shares your vision and values in business. Both partners need to be clear on their roles within the business and what they will need to contribute towards the business. Like all great partnerships, a B-BBEE partnership is also built on alignment.

You want a partner who will bring critical skills, experience, knowledge or maybe resources to the table. Having a partner who is only fronting can damage your business’ reputation. Fronting is when you have a partner in name only in order to qualify for a higher B-BBEE level.

Searching For the Right Partner

Networking in the wrong environment can be detrimental, just like networking in the right environment can be advantageous to you and your business.

Ask people you trust for advice or if they know someone who is compatible with you and your work style. You’ll need to approach this as a long-term endeavour as it takes time to find the right person.

Once you’ve found your new partner, structure the best deal possible through a top notch legal team. This will protect both parties if the partnership doesn’t work out. Include roles and responsibilities within the contract, so everyone is accountable, and knows what will result should the endeavour fail.

Source. https://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/ask-entrepreneur/doing-business-in-sa-ask-entrepreneur/how-do-i-become-bee-compliant/

Published 2 years ago on Oct 10, 2016By Nicole Crampton

Business

5 things many Start Up Entrepreneurs get wrong.

Published

4 years ago

September 14, 2017

Editor

When starting a business, it’s easy to get lost in the fairytale of it all. So you’ll start a business and you’ll make a ton of money and then you’ll go on to retire by 30 and live on a private island and sip on foreign named-cocktails. Uhm no. Being an entrepreneur is all about early mornings and late nights, broken dreams and crushed ambitions…. or at least that’s what most entrepreneurs agree on.

Here are 5 things entrepreneurs for generations have been doing wrong:

1) Funding.

So entrepreneurs need funding, yes what for? Many entrepreneurs cannot effectively breakdown what they need funding for. Entrepreneurs tend to think that funding is the alpha and omega of starting a business. Capital is important however, this should not be a determining factor. Many entrepreneurs sell their personal assets such as their vehicles for start up funding. Investors are prone to investing in business’ where the entrepreneur has shown leadership and invested their own money in the business too.

2) Workforce.

As much as you want to, you can’t do it all. You’ll need to hire employees to assist you with your company. Be sure to be completely open with your staff on where your business stands and what your employees can expect as payment. BEFORE employing staff be sure to have a six month runway set aside for salaries. Alternatively be open to share dividends within your business.

3) Marketing.

Wow guys welcome to the 21 st Century!!! Who would’ve thought that in today’s day and age, with access to information all around us entrepreneurs still choose not to pay optimal attention to their business’ Marketing. Bizlinkworld.com is a brilliant way to assist with this, Bizlink World gives you access to the market, this tool is free too.

4) Defined Goals.

Where is your business headed? Why do you wake up every morning? You need to have clear and defined goals. It is not enough to have goals, goals need to be directed and aligned to your business. Use the SMART tool as a guideline: goals need to be Specific Measurable, Attainable, Reachable, and Timeous.

5) Roll with it.

Now as an entrepreneur you’ll know that there’s no such thing as certainty. Deals fall through in an instant, the investor doesn’t pitch to your meeting, someone else has a similar idea. Whatever the external influence it is vital that you adapt to any situation. Your business needs to be adaptable too. Refine your ideas and concepts, create your company culture, get involved with the community, teach skills. There are many ways to state your presence within an industry. Keep reinventing yourself , stay relevant!

Entrepreneurs are risk takers, determined and resilient. Whatever the risks be sure to do enough research on your solution/product/service as well as your target market. It’s a tough industry but if Bill Gates or Steve Jobs are anything to go by, the pay off is pretty amazing.

Keep at it, it gets better.

Candice Coulsen 14/9/2017